BURSITIS

BAsic information

description

Inflammation (swelling and pain) of a bursa. A bursa is a soft, fluid-filled sac that serves as a cushion between tendons and bones. Areas usually affected are near the shoulders, elbows, knees, pelvis, hips, or Achilles tendons.

frequent signs and symptoms

• Pain, swelling, tenderness, and limited movement in the affected joint. Pain may spread into nearby areas of the body.
• A feeling of warmth over the affected joint.

causes

Inflammation can be caused by overuse, injury, disease, or infection. Sometimes no cause is found.

risk increases with

• Injury to a joint.
• Overuse of a joint.
• Exercising more than usual.
• Calcium deposits in shoulder tendons.
• Infection.
• Arthritis.
• Gout.
• People who suddenly increase their activity levels ("weekend warriors").
• Not stretching properly or over-stretching.

preventive measures

• Avoid injuries when possible. Don't overuse muscles. Wear protective gear for contact sports.
• Warm up before exercise. Cool down after exercise.
• Stay physically fit.

expected outcomes

This is a common, but not serious problem. Symptoms usually improve in 7 to 14 days with treatment.

POSsible complications

• Prolonged healing time if activity is resumed too soon.
• Chronic bursitis may occur due to repeated injuries or recurrent attacks of bursitis.

diagnosis & treatment

general measures

• Self-care may be all that is needed.

Use RICE therapy (rest, ice, compression, and elevation). Rest the affected joint. Use an ice pack to massage the area several times a day. Use compression by wearing an elastic bandage. Elevate the affected joint by resting it on a pillow.

You may use heat, in addition to ice, if it feels better. Apply a hot, wet towel or use a heating pad. A deep-heating ointment may be helpful.

• See your health care provider if self-care does not help or symptoms are severe. Bursitis can be diagnosed by a physical exam. Medical tests are usually not done.
• Your health care provider may sometimes drain fluid from the joint with a needle. Surgery is rarely needed.
• Physical therapy may be recommended to maintain flexibility, mobility, and strength of the joint.

medications

• Use nonprescription acetaminophen or ibuprofen for mild pain.
• Your health care provider may prescribe:

Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs or creams.

Antibiotics (if the bursa is infected).

Prescription pain relievers for severe pain.

Injection with a local anesthetic mixed with a corticosteroidal drug.

activity

• Rest the affected joint as much as possible. It may help to wear a sling or a brace, or to use crutches until the pain becomes easier to bear. Begin normal, slow joint movement as soon as pain permits.
• Follow directions for any recommended home exercise routines.

diet

No special diet.

notify our office if

• You or a family member has symptoms of bursitis that is severe or self-care methods do not help.
• New symptoms develop after treatment.